how to make yogurt?

The process of making yogurt involves culturing cream or milk with live and active bacterial cultures; this is accomplished by adding bacteria directly to the milk. Commercially made yogurt is usually made with a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilis. Some manufacturers use Lactobacillus bulgaricus rather than L. acidophilus. Yogurt made at home is usually started by adding a dab of commercially made yogurt to boiled milk, and then keeping the mixture at 112° Fahrenheit (45° Celsius).
(Written by Paulla Estes
Last Modified: 06 March 2010)

ingredients
* 1 quart milk (any kind)
* 1/4 to 1/2 cup non-fat dry milk (optional)
* 2 tablespoons existing yogurt with live cultures (or you can use freeze-dried bacteria instead)

first
Heat milk to 185F (85C). Using two pots that fit inside one another, create a double boiler or water jacket effect. This will prevent your milk from burning, and you should only have to stir it occasionally. If you cannot do this, and must heat the milk directly, be sure to monitor it constantly, stirring all the while. If you do not have a thermometer, 185F (85C) is the temperature at which milk starts to froth.

second
Cool the milk to 110F(43C). The best way to achieve this is with a cold water bath. This will quickly and evenly lower the temperature, and requires only occasional stirring. If cooling at room temperature or in the refrigerator, you must stir more frequently. Don't proceed until the milk is below 120F(49C), and don't allow it to go below 90F (32C). 110F (43C) is optimal.


third
Warm the starter. Let the starter yogurt sit at room temperature while you are waiting for the milk to cool. This will prevent it from being too cold when you add it in

forth
Add nonfat dry milk, if desired. Adding about 1/4 cup to 1/2 cup nonfat dry milk at this time will increase the nutritional content of the yogurt. The yogurt will also thicken more easily. This is especially helpful if you are using nonfat milk.

fifth
Add the starter. Add 2 tablespoons of the existing yogurt, or add the freeze-dried bacteria.

sixth
Put the mixture in containers. Pour your milk into a clean container or containers. Cover each one tightly with a lid or plastic wrap.

seventh
Allow the yogurt bacteria to incubate. Keep the yogurt warm and still to encourage bacteria growth, while keeping the temperature as close to 100F (38C) as possible. An oven with a pilot light is one option; see Tips for others. After seven hours you will have a custard-like texture, a cheesy odor, and possible some greenish liquid on top. This is exactly what you want. The longer you let it sit beyond seven hours, the thicker and more tangy it will become.

eighth
Refrigerate the yogurt. Place the yogurt in your fridge for several hours before serving. It will keep for 1-2 weeks. If you are going to use some of it as starter, use it within 5-7 days, so that the bacteria still have growing power. Whey, a thin yellow liquid, will form on the top. You can pour it off or stir it in before eating your yogurt

nineth
Add optional flavorings. Experiment until you develop a flavor that your taste buds fancy.

Use yogurt from this batch as starter for the next batch.

credited from http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Yogurt

THE RICHEST MALAY PEOPLE

Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Albukhary
This man here prefers to stay in the background, shying away from public eyes. With the title of “reclusive tycoon”, he has only partially surfaced but has equity in at least 13 publicly traded company. His flagship company being MMC Corp Bhd, is an investment holding company dealing with transport & logistics, energy & utilities and engineering & construction.
(Current Wealth: 4.180 billion)
he is the eight person who is Malaysian richest people and the first malay people richest in Malaysia.

STARTING A BUSINESS

In the mid 1970s, his father’s cattle business ran into trouble following the outbreak of ‎foot-and-mouth disease. The outbreak spread throughout southern Thailand, Kedah and ‎Perlis. As a result, nearly all their livestock perished. ‎

However, this downturn in event actually had a silver lining. Since then, Syed Mokhtar ‎took over his father’s business and decided never again to become involved in the cattle ‎business. Instead, he decided to go into the business of selling meat. ‎

As a start, at the age of 19, Syed Mokhtar scoured markets around Alor Setar to buy ‎unsold meat from the vendors there. The meat would then be re-sold to bumiputera ‎traders in the surrounding area. ‎

Although these were unsold meat, they were packaged carefully and nicely, and kept on ‎ice to maintain freshness. Thus, using his experience in handling good quality products, ‎Syed Mokhtar’s business received encouraging response from the public. This success ‎made him even more driven to expand the business. ‎

Soon after, Syed Mokhtar moved on to the transportation business. After successfully ‎acquiring a license for four Class A lorries in 1972, Syed Mokhtar secured a loan in the ‎amount of RM110,000 from the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) to buy two Mercedes Benz ‎lorries. ‎

At first, he wanted to buy four lorries, but the plan did not come to light because of ‎technical problems, leaving him with two remaining permits. A Chinese trader ‎approached him to buy those permits, but Syed Mokhtar refused the offer and decided to ‎return the permits to MARA. ‎

He then established a transportation company named Syarikat Pengangkutan Sentosa, ‎and appointed a Chinese clerk to be the manager. Interestingly, the company still exists ‎until today. ‎

From a small business that offered transport service to haul rice, it now owns more than ‎‎40 lorries for various transport purposes. ‎

EXPANDING BUSINESS

After establishing Syarikat Shah, he created Syarikat Bukhary, which is involved in the ‎rice and sugar business. And just like Syarikat Pengangkutan Sentosa, Bukhary still ‎exists and has expanded until now, with an annual revenue of around RM250 million!‎

The company then expanded into Bukhary (KL) Sdn. Bhd. in 1977. The company won ‎many government contracts which were offered to bumiputera entrepreneurs at the time, ‎and based its operations in a four-storey shop lot on Jalan Pahang. ‎

Because the business was expanding so fast, he renovated the office on the ground floor ‎and turned it into a packaging area for chocolates, flour and tea supplied to the ‎government. He then created Susu Mas Sdn. Bhd (Susu Mas) in 1979 to facilitate his ‎business of supplying to the government. ‎

Like Bukhary, Susu mas was also a joint-venture company, this time with New Zealand ‎Milk Products. He held 51 percent share in the company. The Susu Mas product was ‎marketed under the brand Fernleaf. However, following the economic crisis which hit the ‎country at the end of 1980’s, he decided to sell his business interest in that company. ‎

CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS MUSLIM EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA

Although he enjoys his success as the nation’s number one bumiputera conglomerate ‎figure, he has not forgotten his responsibility to help his Muslim brethrens. For this ‎purpose, the Yayasan al_Bukhary was established in March 1996 to help the poor, ‎particularly in the area of education. ‎

Until today, Yayasan al-Bukhary has spent more than RM300 million for religious, cultural ‎and educational activities. The foundation not only provides aid to people of this country, ‎but also countries that are members in the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC).‎

Among the biggest projects ever conducted was the construction of the Kompleks al-‎Bukhary costing RM400 million in Kedah. The complex is a centre complete with facilities ‎including a mosque, medical centre, community centre, housing for orphans, a special ‎academy of the elderly and an institution of higher education. ‎

This foundation also created the International Islamic Arts Museum in Kuala Lumpur, at a ‎cost of RM100 million. This four-storey building is the first museum in Asia Pacific that ‎showcases Islamic works of art. Yayasan al-Bukhary also built 16 mosques all over the ‎world. ‎

The most recent project was the construction of the Al-Bukhary Mosque, located in a ‎strategic spot near Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. The location of the mosque, which was ‎built at a cost of RM12.2 million, also makes it convenient for Muslims, especially those ‎around Jalan Hang Tuah, Jalan Pudu and Bukit Bintang area to pray. ‎

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

Prior to 2000, Yayasan Al-Bukhary donated about RM7.75 million to Oxford Centre for ‎Islamic Studies, a world-renowned centre of Islamic studies. And starting from November ‎‎2007, Yayasan Al-Bukhary will sponsor 28 more students to study at the International ‎Islamic University Malaysia. ‎

Yayaan Al-Bukhary is also involved with the Al-Bukhary International University’s ‎construction project in Kedah, which costs RM500 million. It will cater to 3,000 students ‎of whom 70 percent are foreign students fully sponsored by the foundation by 2009. ‎

Last 6 September, Yayasan Al-Bukhary donated AS$1 million to the Lebanese ‎Humanitarian Fund in order to lessen the burden suffered by people of that country, who ‎are victims of Israel’s atrocity. ‎

Actually, this foundation also helps non-Islamic based organisations. ‎

For example, around RM1 million was donated by the foundation for the Langkawi ‎Project, an effort spearheaded by the MCA, in the area of education, particularly in ‎providing scholarships to financially needy students from rural areas. ‎

Indeed, the success enjoyed by Syed Mokhtar today was not gained through easy ‎shortcuts. Hard work, self confidence, and faith that everything comes from Allah, has ‎made him a bumiputera conglomerate icon for everyone to aspire to.

i took from http://www.yadim.com.my

fashion jeans

See in your cupboard or your collection cloths, that's impossible if one of you never have a pair of jeans. Do you know jeans was introduced since tens years ago. It was started as a trouser for inferior workers do the heavy works. And now jeans was controlling in teenagers fashion in the world. Jeans was introduced by Levi Straususs in 1850. Cooperation between Levis and Jacob brought Levis as a greatest jeans manufacturer in the world until now. Do you know that a jeans sold in $1.50 at beginning.

JEANS 80's VS JEANS NOWADAYS
Jeans 80's
jeans not only most enthusiasm fashion but the jeans creator was created variety of designs with interesting colors. in that time, color of 'vibrant' is favourite choice.
One of the hottest and thankfully short lived trends in this decade of fashion oddities was wearing acid washed jeans. The acid washed jeans trend didn’t become popular until the mid to late eighties and faded four to five years later. This trend seemed to go hand in hand with the big hair phenomenon of the late 80s. Gloria Vanderbilt, Calvin Klein and Armani are the favorite jeans creator in people choice.

Jeans nowadays
Jeans is not only have cottons but now was adding by Lycra material. Jeans nowadays have different between guys and girls through zips. Zips for girls jeans is more short compare to the guys. The price is more depend to its brands compare to its quality.
Nowadays jeans are not only as fashion but the people more feel comfortable to choose the brand jeans to show their status.



i took from 'remaja' magazine and www.ilovethe80s.com

WHAT IS JUNK FOOD?

Any food that has poor nutritional value is considered unhealthy and may be called a junk food. A food that is high in fat, sodium, and/or sugar is known as a junk food. Junk food is easy to carry, purchase and consume. Generally, a junk food is given a very attractive appearance by adding food additives and colors to enhance flavor, texture, appearance, and increasing long self life.

A junk food has little enzyme producing vitamins & minerals and contains high level of calories. When we eat these empty calorie foods, the body is required to produce its own enzymes to convert these empty calories into usable energy. This is not desired as these enzyme producing functions in our body should be reserved for the performance of vital metabolic reactions.

Remember, junk foods are empty calories. An empty calorie lacks in micro-nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, or amino acids, and fiber but has high energy (calories).

Since junk food is high in fats and sugars, it is responsible for obesity, dental cavities, Type 2 diabetes and heart diseases.
Junk Food & Cholesterol

Fried and processed food, particularly fast food, contains high amounts of oxycholesterol, Reports Scientists from China in the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August 2009. Oxycholesterol is a little-known type of cholesterol which may prove to be the lethal to heart health.

A healthy diet rich in antioxidants can counter these effects.

Some junk food pictures of beef burger, french fries, coco cola, and potato chips and cinema popcorns are given below.

Junk Food Beef burger, French fries, Cola, Chips, Popcorn

Cinema popcorn: Popcorns are healthy but the one sold in cinemas are nutritional horror. The Center for Science in the Public Interest compared in Nov 2009 some popcorn and drinks combos sold at key movie theater chains in USA and found the following:

A medium popcorn and soda combo at Regal, the United States' biggest movie theater chain, contains 1610 calories and 60 grams of saturated fat.

At AMC theaters, a large popcorn contains 1030 calories and 57 grams of saturated fat.

The high calorie counts could be due to the fact that corn was popped in coconut oil. Popcorn cooked in canola oil showed lower levels of saturated fats but similar levels of calories and sodium.
List of Junk Foods

Given below is a list of junk food (empty calorie) items that you should avoid. It is now up to you how you can keep your four trillion cells happy.

* Sugars, Refined foods, like sugar and plain flour (maida) based items like white bread and most packaged goods, like Twinkies and sugar donuts, etc. (Sugar Substitutes)Our body eventually turns sugars into fat. If you consume just 3 tsp of sugar daily, imagine how much sugar you would have consumed by the time you are 50 years of age; it will be about 275 kg !, about 5 time your weight !!

* Fats & Hydrogenated oils They are found in cookies, chips, candy bars, fried foods, muffins, bologna, etc. etc. Many snacks, such as potato chips, cheeseburgers and fries, have high levels of fat, sugar or salt-ingredients that are usually best limited to a small portion of your diet. The saturated fat mainly comes from animal products. Remember there is nothing that is useful for our body in foods with hydrogenated or trans fat.
The excessive fats stick to our arteries and cause the blockages leading to heart disease and strokes. They can also aid to cancer, arthritis, PMS and sexual dysfunction.
Some fats like Omega-3 fatty acids are good for our bodies.

* Salt: Excessive salt is not good for our body (Daily Salt Recommendation). However, sodium in moderate amount, along with potassium, maintains the water balance in our body. But too much sodium can cause high blood pressure. Pretzels, chips and many canned food items contain excessive salt. (a href="/nutrition/high-sodium.html">High sodium food list)

i took the reference from : http://www.fatfreekitchen.com/junkfoods/junkfoods1.html

DEPRESSION

Let us get rid of some myths about depression right away. Depression is not a sign of weakness. It is not a lack of character or courage. Abraham Lincoln and Winston Churchill are two of the many historic figures known to have suffered from serious depression. Well-known and highly respected figures from all walks of life are among the millions of people who experience depression.

Being depressed is not uncommon. The most common complaint of people who seek counseling is that of feeling depressed. In fact, it is estimated that over six million people in the United States need professional help for depression.

If you think you are depressed, or someone you love is depressed, here are some steps to take that may help.

Taking Care of Depression

In those cases where a difficult life situation has led to depression, self-help steps can be taken to control it.

Face Up to Depression

Guilt and denial waste energy and do not help solve the problem. Acceptance of the depression relieves pressure.

Recognize the Problem

If your depression is the result of a loss, try to identify the exact time when the loss and feelings of depression began. What was the cause? Why did it happen? What do you need to do now?

Take Action

Often depression responds to structure. Combine structured activities with opportunities to release the turbulent feelings that often accompany depression.

* Get busy doing things you previously enjoyed. Don't cut yourself off from family and friends. Attend activities with others even if you don't feel like talking.

* Stay active. Counteract the physical slowdown of depression by exercising (examples: walk, jog, bowl, play tennis).

* Watch your diet. Include raw vegetables and fruits to increase your energy level.

* List ways you can let go of your depression.

* Listen. Tapes offer a relaxed way to listen to helpful information. There are excellent "self-help" videos available through libraries, book stores, and special catalogs.

* Read. There are many self-help books and pamphlets that can help you understand your emotions and give suggestions on overcoming problem areas in your life.

This article i credited from http://www.medicinet.com

INTRODUCTION

assalamua'laikum..
to miss diana and friends..
this is my first blog and before this, i don't think to have a blog when i saw my friend's blog..
but today i have blog as assignment for mgt300..
i need to learn how to make a good blog and make it more interesting..
fare means whether to be successful or not successful in a particular situation..
from that, i will effort to be success in my life..
i hope everything will go on smoothly..